How Sleep Deprivation Affects Psychological Variables...

How Sleep Deprivation Affects Psychological Variables Related to College Students Cognitive Performance Jenny R. Downs Fall07, PSY 1513 41 General Psychology (MSVCC) (2575) Sleep deprivation is very common for college students. A pattern is usually developed with sleep deprivation peaking during the week and even more during exam periods. Performance levels are significantly lower during these periods even though the students beleived that their performance was better. Many studies have been conducted to try to evaluate the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance and on psychological variables related to cognitive performance in college students. The study in this reading included sixty-five volunteers. Of†¦show more content†¦The sleep-deprived students did much worse on the Watson-Glaser Thinking Appraisal than the students that were not sleep-deprived. The participants mood was evaluated using the Profile of Mood States or POMS. On the Profile of Mood States scale, current mood states were listed using sixty-five words. The students could rate their current mood on a scale from zero to seven. The higher the number represented the greater the frequency. The findings concluded that only confusion and fatigue were highly affected by sleep deprivation. These aspects caused a significant drop in performance of task completion. Sleep deprivation was not shown to have an effect on task motivation. Research shows that participants acknowledge lower performance levels and increase the effort being put into a task to try to compensate for the lower performance levels. Rewards were offered in one study for better performance. An increase of effort was reported but the increased effort reportedly had no effect on actual performance. Therefore, even though additional effort may be put into a project it is concluded to have no effect on decreased performance levels. Off-task cognitions are thoughts that distract concentration instead of being directed at the current task. Off-task cognitions are usually either negative or un-related thoughts that cause a person to not be able to fully focus on the task at hand. The researchers in thisShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation On College Students1488 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep Deprivation in College Students Stress Management Betty Diaz August 14, 2017 Abstract A common problem in many young adults in college is sleep deprivation. College students are some of the most sleep deprived people. Their sleep hygiene behavior is worse than adults. An adequate amount of sleep time is 7 to 8 hours each night to complete a regular sleep cycle. When college students have less sleep time, they are disturbing their sleeping cycle and their bodies respond by decreasing theirRead MoreThe Correlation Between Sleep Deprivation and Academic Performance3156 Words   |  13 Pagescorrelation between sleep deprivation, sleep quality and academic performance was examined (Gilbert and Weaver, 2010). The degree of knowledge regarding this particular subject has not been well studied because of the small sample sizes used. As a result, the study investigates the link between the sleep habits of college students and academic performance in larger samples. The researchers hypothesized that the participants who had a higher level of sleep deprivation would have lower academicRead MoreScientific Thinking And Research Methods Essay2031 Words   |  9 Pagestest whether people rated a tedious task with a higher aversive, boredom, annoyance and irritation level if they knew they had to complete the task again rather than if they did not know they had to complete it again. Theoretical Basis of Study: Psychological mechanisms prevent people from reliving aversive experiences to their truest extremes, creating fewer aversive expectations. This will entice people to partake in the experience again, but this also assumes that people’s memory of the experienceRead MorePerceived Stress and Academic Achievement: a Comparative Analysis of Hostel Students and Day Scholars6272 Words   |  26 PagesIncreased technology, more competition, and schedule overload affect the quality of student’s performance due to inability to manage their stress levels. College students may neglect their physical and emotional well being due to pressure to perform well in their classes, and lack of time management and stress management practices.Although proper nutrition, physical activity, various coping techniques and practices can enhance academic performance as well as health and well being, education and awarenessRead MorePerceived Stress Factors12999 Words   |   52 Pagesamong college students are physical environment, work overload, family and personal problems. DOH acknowledges that stress affects academic performance and that intervention is necessary to address emotional, behavioral, psychological and social reactors brought about by stress. In a similar study conducted in the University of North Carolina at Charlotte by Womble (2006), it was found out that the perceived stress of the college students had a significant impact on their academic performance. AboutRead MoreOffice Administration Thesis11471 Words   |  46 PagesFACTORS RELATED TO DROP OUTS AND PERFORMANCE OF CWTS STUDENTS AT LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY SAN PABLO CITY CAMPUS ACADEMIC YEAR 2010 - 2011 ------------------------------------------------- A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of the College of Teacher Education Laguna State Polytechnic University San Pablo City Campus San Pablo City ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- In Partial Of Fulfillment Of the RequirementsRead MorePerceived Stress Levels and Stress Management Among Paramedical Students Lyceum of the Philippines University: Towards Stress Management Enhancement15005 Words   |  61 PagesPerceived Stress Levels and Stress Management Among Paramedical Students Lyceum of the Philippines University: Towards Stress Management Enhancement Maribel D. Mayuga-Barrion, DDM, MAT It is recognized that stress is a normally occurring part of life. Selye was the first to describe the term stress as a state produced within an organism subjected to a stimulus perceived as a threat (Selye, 1957). He spoke of stress as a condition that occurs commonly in response to any adaptive response withinRead MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pagesand common sense lead to the same conclusions about behavior and mental processes. _____ Psychology is not a science. Objective I.2 Define the scientific method, and explain how it is used in psychology? Psychologists use the scientific method to evaluate competing ideas; find relationship of variables by collecting data |Margin Learning Question(s) (if applicable) |Page(s) | |1.2 What processes do scientistsRead MoreThe Hawthrone Studiesdouglas | Mcgregors Theory X and Theory Y | Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs8409 Words   |  34 Pageslater, moved into the psychological aspects (e.g. breaks, group pressure, working hours, managerial leadership) and their impact on employee motivation as it applies to productivity. The Hawthorne Effect In essence, the Hawthorne Effect, as it applies to the workplace, can be summarized as Employees are more productive because  the employees  know they are being studied. Elton Mayos experiments showed an increase in worker productivity was produced by the psychological stimulus of being singledRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesCOGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD This page intentionally left blank COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD DAVID A. CLARK THE GUILFORD PRESS New York London  © 2004 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012 www.guilford.com All rights reserved Paperback edition 2007 Except as noted, no part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical

Ethical Dilemmas I Am Cait - 1171 Words

Ethical Dilemmas in I Am Cait On June 9th of this year, Caitlyn Jenner (formerly known as Bruce Jenner) introduced her new self on the cover of Vanity Fair magazine, thus creating a conversation and Internet buzz about her transition as a transgender woman. The Vanity Fair issue also included an interview style article, as well as other insight into Jenner’s life as Caitlyn. Many people reacted in a positive way congratulating the courage it took to come out in such a public way, while others instantly began to criticize Jenner and her motives. Caitlyn created a conversation about the transgender community that she was joining, a community that has been suffering with a lack of voice when it comes to transgender rights and discrimination.†¦show more content†¦With plans to have a sit down meeting with Kyler’s family, Caitlyn and her television crew prepared for the trip from Caitlyn’s secluded Malibu home to San Diego, California. Unfortunately for Caitlyn and her team they were quic kly met and followed by the paparazzi; in order to make it to the Prescott’s family home without any unsolicited cameras Caitlyn had to switch cars three times to ensure that she was not being followed. There’s a sense of irony when it comes to Caitlyn’s privacy, she is so adamant to keep what little bit of privacy she can from the public and the paparazzi, but at the same time is filming a documentary style reality show about her life inviting the public into her home, showing her issues with family members, and even her new dating life. By choosing to do the reality show of her life and transition Caitlyn is selling herself to the media, she is the one making a profit off of her transition. This brings up the question of, is Caitlyn violating her own privacy in the same way that the paparazzi has violated hers? Both are making a profit by showing and broadcasting Caitlyn’s life. The next ethical dilemma that stands out is the idea that the show may be t oo staged. In the second episode, â€Å"The Road Trip: Part 1† Caitlyn is introduced to a group of transgender women who come from different backgrounds and are ultimately strangers to Caitlyn.

Essay Based on Film “Alexander Nevsky” free essay sample

Essay based on film â€Å"Alexander Nevsky†(1938) Film †Alexander Nevsky† directed by Sergei Eisenstein is regarded as masterpiece of Soviet cinematograph. The main idea is quite simple – confrontation between Russian folk and the invaders, Teutonic knights. The film is based on battle on the lake Chudskoe, where Alexander and his army defeated armies of enemy. Watching the film, we can notice that structure is very clear, events are linear, all characters are completed, they either good or bad. Topic of good and evil is strongly marked here – no halftones, spectator from the beginning knows who he should support. Historical topic here is used as a tool, not a goal itself – eventually only winning of simple people over foreign enemy counts. We can not discuss the choice of such historical event without analyze the atmosphere of 1930s. There was a premonition of war and Stalin needed to pull together simple folks, that is why in film much attention is paid to unity of people against Germans. So we can say that history here plays a role of canvas which producer fills with proper ideas. The most important one is struggle of great Russian folk against invaders till the victory. This nationalistic message is very effective, it provokes special feelings about your native country (Rodina) and nowadays Russians respond about this film as â€Å"patriotic masterpiece†. The main character that sets a tone of movie is Alexander Nevsky. We can see courageous, brave, strong Prince that can defend country. At the beginning of film he speaks with representatives of Mongols – another, Eastern invader. Even there, as a Prince of conquered country, he stands very strong and confident, and spectator starts to feel respect to him at the beginning already. On the other hand, he acts like a simple person – he does fishing with peasants, wears simple clothes, sleeps with his troops. Alexander is not only a Prince here; he is leader of simple people that worry about their country. Such closeness to simple folk is an expression of socialistic view, as I think, especially if we compare his character with Novgorod bourgeoisies. They are opposite characters, they wear rich clothes, stand above people. Their phrase ‘Everyone stands only for himself. Wherever you slept, there is your native land† in meeting in Novgorod shows that these people do not think about anything but their benefit and themselves and they do not care about destiny of Russian people and land. There is a betrayer among them that proves an idea of rottenness of these people. No wonder that simple folk choose Alexander as its defender, the man they respect. Another episode when Novgorod citizens are going to the battle also shows us the idea of socialism. People do everything together, they are inspired by a big idea of resistance, and blacksmith gives everyone weapon for free: he is just as simple man as others and he understands that his â€Å"brothers† need weapon in order to win enemy. This idea of social unity and equality is feature of socialistic view. This image of blacksmith in the film is quite popular among Soviet nationalistic movies. Here he is, a small representative of great folk, poor but inspired and brave, he knows many Russian sayings and he is very positive and cheerful. His death from mean betrayer shows us the idea of simple people suffering from evil forces. His last words â€Å"chain armor is too short†¦Ã¢â‚¬  point again that he was just a â€Å"small man† – he did not think about vengeance, war, enemies, he is sorry about short armor and missing opportunity of fighting. The vengeance for him and hid died â€Å"brothers† is harsh – people beat murderer to death. Folk answers to its enemies for all deaths. This event is also important – Alexander does not leave the opportunity to judge, but lets it to people, as he understands that these people suffer more from actions of betrayer and catholic monk and they should decide their destiny. Speaking about enemies, Teutonic knights are represented as cruel and ruthless army, they have different religion and horrible rituals there – the scene where knight puts children into fire, perhaps, is the most scary in the film. And spectators start to hate these cruel invaders. Entourage plays its role too. Teutonic army is mostly silent, with angry faces and depressive music is always played when they are on the screen. On the contrary Russians are very inspired and passionate, they fight with laugh and we can hear Russian folk music during several scenes of the battle. Love line of movie is quite simple. Two brave men, Vasili Buslai and Gavrilo Oleksich, compete for a heart of Olga Danilovna. But she says that will choose only the bravest one. This concept is similar to Russian folk fairytales, where brave characters fight against evil monsters. Here they fight against German enemies and eventually everyone finds his love. So the idea is quite simple, but it fits the main nationalistic view and makes film diverse. Characterizing film, I think that we should define another big character – the folk itself. Of course, there are many small characters that somehow manifest themselves, but all these peasants create a complete character, that is strong and brave. And relation between Alexander and folk are equal, they respect each other. This idea of folk as a concrete character seems to be socialistic too, where simple people are in charge. In conclusion I will make a short summary – in the historical topic of film there is a great nationalistic idea of resistance of Russian people from enemies. Along the movie we can see also socialistic ideas of social equality and power of simple folk. So when it is analyzed it does not seem to have any value – just simple nationalistic film with primitive ideas. Well, maybe someone gets such opinion, but I think that this film has its right to be considered as one of the greatest movies and masterpiece. Because I think it is very difficult – using such simple plot and being under the pressure of the party, to create beautiful movie with strong actors and wonderful music accompaniment, but Eisenstein did it.

Rise of a Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust Essay Example

Rise of a Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust Essay Rise of a Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust BY oliver2017284 Rise of the Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust Germany was in utter chaos due to hyperinflation, Joblessness, and humiliation prompted by the Treaty of Versailles leading to a demoralized and dire state. During this crisis, Adolf Hitler, an unknown though high-ranking German soldier of World War l, saw firsthand how his country fought and made sacrifices again and again only to face defeat in the end. Hitler conveniently assigned blame on the innocent Jewish people. l will never be able to go back to Sweden without knowing inside myself that Id done all a man could do to save as many Jews as possible. (Raoul Wallenberg), Letters and Dispatches 1924-1944. Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat and a humanitarian, saved over one hundred thousand Jews in Nazi occupied Hungary during the Holocaust and the later stages of World War II. Raoul Wallenberg witnessed horrific inhumane acts committed by Hitler and his Nazi army spurred by Hitlers ambitions, his effective use of propaganda creating one of worlds worst human tragedies the Holocaust, and his scapegoat of the Jewish people. Hitler wanted to restore Germany to its former glory and eliminate the aftermath of the Treaty of Versailles. With the Treaty of Versailles put into place after WWII, Germany was forced to pay harsh reparations and give-up German colonies. Hitler took advantage of Germanys instability to advocate his vision of a pure German state, which also helped solidify his gain for power. Germanys economy was in severe recession and that made Hitlers power rise immensely because he was able to pinpoint the concerns of the masses. He put in place a social hierarchy where the We will write a custom essay sample on Rise of a Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rise of a Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rise of a Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Aryans were placed at the top and the Slavs, Jews, and the homosexuals placed at the bottom. He advocated one strong leader was needed to help lead this movement for a stronger Germany. In his mind, the Jews were the culprit and could not be trusted. The struggle for world domination will be fought entirely between us, between Germans and Jews. All else is facade and illusion. Behind England stands Israel, and behind France, and behind the United States. Even when we have driven the Jew out of Germany, he remains our world enemy. (Adolf Hitler) declared in 1927. He wanted to transform himself into a dominant leader and gain power by sacrificing the Jewish people. Therefore, Hitler was eager to create this imagined utopia where Germany was a country consisting of a single race, absolutely no Jews, and no physically or mentally impaired people and transforming it into a world power once again. To gain power, propaganda was heavily used to brainwash the masses and spread anti-Semitism to help him gain the status of the Fuhrer a tyrannical leader. Hitler even created a special name for the Jews, Untermenschen the sub-humans. Discrimination against the Jews quickly spread as time passed under the reign of Hitler. It is a small, rootless, international clique that is turning the people against each other that does not want them to conduct peace. (Adolf Hitler) speaks in 1929. personal biases and opted to tarnish the Jewish legitimacy. Hitler conveyed to his people that the Jewish had no permanent country of origin, and therefore they had no loyalty to Germany either. He also manipulated the masses by dehumanizing the Jewish people. Nazi thugs forbid Germans from going into Jewish shops, banks, and ffices, but unfortunately for Hitler, most Germans initially ignored his mission. Hitler did not expect his power to be condoned by his peers, what he wanted was his rules to have impact and widespread by the use of force and violence. His hunger for power soon led him to be a malicious and tyrannical leader. Hitler started to distinguish the hierarchies by creating symbols and signs to distinguish the Jews from the rest. Jewish people had their Jewish star sign pinned on their Jacket, and they werent allowed in certain places such as theaters, swimming pools, and resorts. On the other hand, people that wore the Swastika were feared but respected. Furthermore, what the soldiers accomplished were all part of Hitlers propaganda plans. As Germany dominated Austria, Poland, and countries around Czechoslovakia, Hitler attempted to eliminate the Jewish race completely by building concentration camps. The Nazis filled the concentration camps with Jewish captives and slowly eradicated them. They eliminated woman, children, and elders because of their physical limitations . Germans also forced the men and teens to labor for long hours. Hitler wanted to make use of the Jewish people efficiently, so he made them do harsh physical labor that no one else was willing to do. The Nazis committed mass murders after they felt the Jews work was done. Hitler thought about the limiting factors such as the food source, so he fgured the best way was to kill them all. Hitler used methods such as mass open-air shootings, gas chambers, forced to work until death, and death marches. Hitler anticipated many ways to get rid of the Jews as fast as possible. One of his well known and cruel ways was to use gas chemicals to poison the Jews. Almost 6 million Jews were murdered during the Holocaust and that was two-thirds of the Jews in Europe at the time. 1. 1 million children were killed during the Holocaust. His inhumane actions clearly brought the attention of the outside world. Germans were extremely powerful and advanced, they started to expand their army and reached for the Soviet Union. However their aggressive and quick expansion exhausted their own supplies. (Lucy Li) Hitlers troops were exhausted, millions dead or captured, and with the fall of the Romanian oil fields, German armies were running out of gasoline. Soon they dropped from the peak to the pit bottom by an attack from other countries such as the United States. During Hitlers reign, hundreds of thousands of Jews were sent into concentration camps. Wallenberg took on a humanitarian mission to save around one hundred Jews. Hitlers inhumane act to gain power was completely unforgiving and needs to be prevented at all cost in the future. Hitler exchanged 5. 7 million Jewish people for the sake of his own power and selfish dream. Therefore, this dark part of history should never happen again for the sake of humankind.

The Pros and Cons of Allowing Cell Phones in School

The Pros and Cons of Allowing Cell Phones in School One of the more controversial and most discussed issues that school administrators face on a daily basis is where they stand with students and cell phones. It seems that virtually every school takes a different stance on the issue of cell phones  in school. No matter what your school’s policy is, there is no way to completely keep all students from bringing their phones unless you do student searches every day, which is simply not feasible. Administrators must evaluate the pros and cons of allowing cell phones in schools and make a decision based on their own student population. The fact is that almost every household owns multiple cell phones.   The age of students who own a cell phone has progressively been trending downward.   It has become increasingly common for students as young as five to possess a cell phone. This generation of students are digital natives and thus experts when it comes to technology. Most of them can text with their eyes closed. They are often far more adept than most adults at using their cell phones for many purposes. Should Cell Phones Be Banned or Embraced in Schools? There are essentially three core stances most school districts have taken with their cell phone policies. One such policy basically bans their students from having their cell phones at all. If students are caught with their cell phones, then they can be confiscated or fined. In some cases, the student may be suspended. Another common cell phone policy allows students to bring their cell phones to school. Students are allowed to use them during non-instructional times such as time in between classes and lunch. If students are caught with them in class, then they are confiscated from the student. Another cell phone policy is leaning towards a shift in administrators thinking. Students are not only allowed to possess and use their cell phones, but theyre also encouraged to use them in class as learning tools.   Teachers incorporate the use of cell phones regularly into their lessons for purposes such as research. Districts that ban their students from having their cell phones or limit their usage do this for a variety of reasons. Those include not wanting it to make it easy for students to cheat, being afraid that students are sending inappropriate content, playing games, or even setting up drug deals. Teachers also feel like they are distracting and disrespectful. All of these are valid concerns and are why this is such a hot issue among school administrators. The movement towards embracing the use of cell phones by students begins with educating students on proper use of phones at school. Administrators who are shifting towards this policy often say that they are fighting an uphill battle with a policy that has a complete or partial ban on cell phone possession and use. Administrators who have transitioned to this type of policy say that their job has become much easier and that they have far fewer issues of cell phone abuse than they did under other policies. This type of policy also clears the way for teachers to embrace cell phones as an instructional tool. Teachers who have elected to use cell phones in their daily lessons say that their students are actively engaged and more attentive than they typically are. A cell phone can be a powerful educational tool. Smartphones have the ability to provide students with so much information in an instant that teachers cannot deny that they can be powerful tools that enhance learning in the classroom. Many teachers are using them for a variety of purposes such as small group projects with research races or text competitions for correct answers. The website polleverywhere.com allows teachers to pose a question to their students.   The students then text their answers to a particular number that the teacher provides them. The website collects the data and puts it into a graph, where teachers can project their answers on a smart board and discuss the answer choices with the class. The results of these activities have been very positive. Teachers, administrators, and students have all provided positive feedback. Many teachers and students would argue that it is time to move into the 21st century and begin using the resources we have available to engage our students in the learning process more readily.

Top 5 Script Editing Tips From a Screenwriters Perspective

Top 5 Script Editing Tips From a Screenwriters Perspective THE END. Those two words, full of the promise of a nearly completed project, can be some of the most attractive words on the page for a screenwriter. You take a breath and close your laptop (or turn off your typewriter) and inhale a sigh of relief. The work youve been laboring over is finally finished. Now what?Lets look at what needs to happen after the first draft is completed in the screenplay editing process.Photo by Pereanu Sebastian on Unsplash1. Take a break between writing and editingWriting and editing are two different processes. Writing is an act of creation, imagination, and artistic endeavor, using predominantly right-brain activity. Editing is an act of sequencing, culling, logic, and grammar correction, using predominantly left-brain activity. In that sense, it is nearly impossible to do both at once.This is why you should take a break between writing your screenplay and editing it. Once written, allow your screenplay to sit for awhile while you take a break. Allow you r mind to reset itself from the right-brain activity that was required during the script writing phase before you endeavor to edit the screenplay in primarily left-brain mode.Another thing that happens over the course of a break like this is you are able to revisit your screenplay with a fresh perspective. After taking a short break, youll likely see things that you missed while writing the screenplay, or holes in the story that need to be filled with an additional scene or more dialog. And its not just screenwriters who are encouraged to take a break like this between the writing and editing processes- all writers should do it. The time in between will give your mind the mental break needed for the extreme focus needed during the editing phase.2. Replace unnecessary dialog with visual storytellingAnton Chekhov, Russian playwright and short-story writer, said it best when he wrote, Dont tell me the moon is shining; show me the glint of light on broken glass. American journalist, nov elist, and short-story writer Ernest Hemingway corroborated Chekovs advice when he wrote, Show the readers everything, tell them nothing.One common mistake that new screenwriters (and writers, in general) make is to tell rather than show. In doing so, they might use dialogue to explain moments in the plot that would be more powerful when seen rather than when heard (or described by one of the characters).If your screenplay is dialogue heavy as a stylistic choice, thats one thing. However, allowing this indulgence in conversation can drag a script down into a talkative, boring mess if you arent careful.The natural inclination among many new and aspiring screenwriters is to let their characters talk and talk as much as they want. This stems from the fact that when you watch a movie it can seem like this is all it is: characters talking. Moving a plot forward through dialogue is simply unrealistic- thats not how life happens.This is especially true in film, which is a visual medium. Un derstanding this, as you edit your screenplay, look for instances in which dialogue is used to advance the narrative when something visual would do a better job.Photo by Jakob Owens on Unsplash3. Know the universal format and use it faithfullyIf you use screenplay writing software such as Final Draft, Movie Magic Screenwriter, Movie Outline or Montage, you wont need to worry about the formatting required for your screenplay. In fact, it is highly recommended that you use one of these programs instead of attempting to format your script on Microsoft Word.However, if you dont have access to any of these programs, youll need to ensure that your screenplay is formatted correctly before submitting it to production companies, contests, or other agencies.Here are the basic requirements, as discussed on Screenwriting.io. Your screenplay should have:12-point Courier font1.5-inch left margin1-inch right margin (between .5 inches and 1.25 inches), ragged1-inch top and bottom marginsApproximate ly 55 lines per page, regardless of paper size (top and bottom margins adjusted accordingly). This does not include the page number, or spaces after it.Dialogue speaker names (in all caps) 3.7 inches from left side of page (2.2 inches from margin)Actor parentheticals 3.1 inches from left side of page (1.6 inches from margin)Dialogue 2.5 inches from left side of page (1.5 inches from margin)Pages should be numbered in the top right corner, flush to the right margin, a half-inch from the top of the page. Numbers should be followed by a period. The first page is not numbered. The title page is neither numbered nor does it count as page one, so the first page to have a number is the second page of the screenplay (third sheet of paper, including the title page), which is numbered 2.Examples of properly formatted screenplays can be found in the johnaugust.com library.4. Make sure it follows the Blake Snyder beat sheetWhile this is something that should be done in your initial screenplay o utline before you begin writing, you can use it to rearrange scenes in the editing process once your first draft has been completed. Rearranging is not only useful in the script editing phase- it can be highly effective in turning your screenplay into the success you want it to be.Blake Snyder, the bestselling author of the Save The Cat! series, was an American screenwriter, consultant, author and educator who became one of the most popular writing mentors in the film industry. He led international seminars and workshops for writers across various genres and was hired as a consultant for many of Hollywoods biggest studios.In his screenplay writing and consulting career, and after viewing thousands of screenplays that were made into blockbuster movies, he came up with a beat sheet comprised of 15 beats that should be in every screenplay. From his book Save the Cat! Goes to the Movies, heres the list:Opening Image – The scene in the screenplay that sets up the tone, type, and i nitial salvo of a film. It is the opposite of the Final Image.Theme Stated – Usually spoken to the min character, often without knowing what is said will be vital to his surviving the tale. Basically, what your screenplay is about.Set-up – The first 10 pages of the script that not only grab the audiences interest, but introduce or hint at introducing the characters of the A story.Catalyst – Something that is done to the hero to shake him. Consider it the movies first whammy (the letter with important news, the knock at the door, etc.)Debate – The section of the script, be it a scene or a series of scenes, when the hero doubts the journey he must take.Break into Two – This is the beginning of Act Two, at which point we leave the Thesis world behind and enter the upside-down Anti-thesis world of Act Two. The hero makes a choice and his journey begins.B Story – This is traditionally the love story (if the screenplay isnt already a romance), and is where the discussion about the theme of a good movie is found.Fun and Games – Here, we forget plot and enjoy set pieces and trailer moments, reveling in the promise of the premise.Midpoint – The dividing line between the two halves of a movie. Stakes are raised and we start putting the squeeze on our hero(es).Bad Guys Close In – Both internally (problems inside the heros team) and externally (as actual bad guys tighten their grip), real pressure is applied.All is Lost – The false defeat and the place where we find the whiff of death, because something must die here.Dark Night of the Soul – The part of the script where the hero has lost all hope.Break Into Three (but not for long!) – Thanks to new inspiration or a last-minute action from the love interest in the B story, the hero chooses to fight.Finale – The Synthesis of two worlds: From what was and that which has been learned, the hero forges a third way.Final Image – The opposite of the Opening Image, proving that a change has occurred. Since all stories are about transformation, the change should be dramatic.Save The Cat! Goes To The Movies by Blake Snyder5. Look carefully for any grammar, spelling, or capitalization, punctuation or syntax mistakesFinally, once youve followed the other steps mentioned in this article and have completed the second draft, look carefully through the entire screenplay for any grammar, spelling, capitalization, punctuation, or syntax mistakes. While you hope your script stands on its own when sent to production companies or agents, small editorial mistakes can be a big red flag for people in the industry reading your script. Not only do such mistakes make your screenplay seem amateur, it also makes you come across as less than professional- a quality that you want to avoid at all costs when trying to sell your script.If you feel that you lack the English skills to conduct such a thorough edit for your screenplay, its b est to hire a professional to do it for you. The money you spend on doing so would be returned and multiplied in getting your script chosen by a production company or agent.

Living Long and Keeping Well Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Living Long and Keeping Well - Essay Example In their article "Living Long and Keeping Well: Elderly Canadians Account for Success in Aging," by Bassett, R; Bourbonnais, V; and McDowell, I, the writers have correctly researched aging population in Canada to find out the causes for their long life and well-being. Nonetheless, they have not found anything new in the research made by them. The research made by Bassett, R. et al lacks depth. Let me hasten to mention that if the purpose of the article is to reinforce the theory of good living and nutritious diet for long living, I have no objection to it. Indeed, in this age of fast and junk food, the need of nutritious diet has to be constantly reminded to make the right impact. However, my point is that Bassett et al have come up with analyses that do not provide any new insight into the causes that make for long, healthy lives. Reasons such as: keeping active, maintaining good nutrition, and the explanation of Francophones and Anglophones are very broad and these are useful in the case of every age group. The actual reason for longevity must go beyond what have been mentioned in the research (Canadian Journal on Aging). As already mentioned in the problem citing activities, good nutrition, etc. do not convincingly prove longevity. The hypotheses are based on general activities and food intake that anyway make for good health in any age group. There must be certain aspect unique to each individual responsible for his or her carrying on with aplomb even in advanced years. It may be the cup of green tea an aged couple may have been taking regularly since their middle years. It may be a long walk a bachelor may be enjoying since his youth. Such unique aspects have not been adequately covered. Samples There has not enough samples been tested to find out the end results of certain unique behavior. As mentioned earlier, an aged couple may have found elixir in the green cup of tea they have consumed regularly since their middle years. Talking to individuals and couples on the reason they feel are responsible for their longevity and analyzing them could prove to be more effective in the type of research Bassett et al have undertaken. Variables The variables researched by Bassett, R et al are too broad to be cited for the purpose of this study. Undoubtedly, they have come back to the same point of good hygiene and proper diet. However, there are millions who are equally adept at consuming good diet all their years and they have not lived long enough to convince the world that they have done nothing wrong to have their life cut short. Method Likewise, the method adopted for the purpose of the research does not cover well the precise reasons for the longevity of the aged in Canada. The reason that "physical illness was less significant than the will to adapt to illness and avoid further physical decline as long as possible" is also much too broad to shed any light on the uniqueness of the research (Canadian Journal on Aging). Conclusion After going through the article and reflecting on the points made by the writers, I am unable to find justification for treating the article with so much concern. This research would be better made by lay